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Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
NATO: Issues for the July 2026 Ankara Summit
Heads of state and government from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO's) 32 members are scheduled to meet for a summit in Ankara, Turkey, on July 7-8, 2026. NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte has outlined thre
July 2, 2026 · 10 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Taiwan: Background and U.S. Relations
Taiwan, which also calls itself the Republic of China (ROC) and was once known as Formosa, is a self-governing East Asian democracy located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. Taiwan's popularly elected leaders
October 15, 2018 · 8 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
The North Atlantic Treaty: U.S. Legal Obligations and Congressional Authorities
On July 21, 1949, the Senate passed a resolution giving its advice and consent to the ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty, the multilateral collective security agreement that established the North Atlantic Treaty O
January 6, 2025 · 6 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense—Issues for Congress
The emergence over the past decade of intensified U.S. competition with the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) and the Russian Federation (Russia)—often referred to as great power competition (GPC) o
January 21, 2015 · 3 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
November 2016 marked the third anniversary of the popular uprising that erupted in Kyiv's Maidan Square in late 2013 over the government's decision to reject closer relations with the European Union (EU). February 2017 w
June 7, 2006 · 9 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Russia’s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
April 13, 2022 · 4 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Venezuela: Political Crisis and U.S. Policy
Over the past several Congresses, some Members have expressed concerns about authoritarian rule under Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro (2013-present). Maduro took office after a narrow electoral victory following the
May 20, 2015 · 7 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
Summary Japan is a significant partner of the United States in a number of foreign policy areas, including addressing regional security concerns, which range from hedging against Chinese military modernization to counter
June 6, 2006 · 5 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the UN System
Congress is responsible for authorizing and appropriating funding to the United Nations (UN) system. Since the United Nations was founded in 1945, the United States has historically been the single largest financial cont
May 22, 2018 · 7 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Public Assistance: Policy Overview
The extent to which residents of the United States who are not U.S. citizens should be eligible for federally funded public aid has been a contentious issue since the 1990s. This issue meets at the intersection of two ma
January 19, 2007 · 4 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Executive Orders: Issuance, Modification, and Revocation
Executive orders, presidential memoranda, and proclamations are used extensively by Presidents to achieve policy goals, set uniform standards for managing the executive branch, or outline a policy view intended to influe
March 19, 2001 · 11 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Elections and Voting: Policy and Legal Issues for the 118th Congress
amendments to these policy areas between 2002 and 2009. Recent Congresses also provided funding to support states
December 19, 2022 · 3 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Artificial Intelligence: Overview, Recent Advances, and Considerations for the 118th Congress
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Artificial Intelligence Background and History ........................
August 4, 2023 · 4 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Cybersecurity: A Primer
The information technology that Americans use to chat with loved ones and make purchases are the same that can be turned against them to deny access to services, steal their information, or compromise the digital systems
December 14, 2018 · 4 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Understanding and Conceptualizing Domestic Terrorism: Issues for Congress
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Defining Domestic Terrorism and Extremism .............................
December 29, 2023 · 3 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress
Offshore wind energy is one alternative to energy derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. The United States' ability to harness wind energy from the outer continental shelf (OCS) is at an initial stage compared with
January 5, 2024 · 8 min
Contemporary · Congressional Research Service
Donor Disclosure: 501(c) Groups and Campaign Spending
has, in the courts concerning this specific case—which is beyond the scope of this CRS product—the policy
October 18, 2018 · 3 min